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APPENDIX A – A DESCRIPTION OF STOPS

• Organ stops are grouped into four main families: Principals, Flutes, Strings and Reeds.

o The Principal family is the group of stops which are unique to the organ, they aren’t

imitative of other instruments. Principals are often referred to as the “backbone” of the

organ and play a strong role in hymn accompaniments and as the foundation of many

chorus registrations. Examples of stops belonging to the Principal family are:

Gravissima Octave Fourniture Fugara

Principal Super Octave Mixtur, Mixture Tenth

Diapason Fifteenth Cymbale, Zimbel Harmonics

Open Diapason Choral Bass Scharf, Scharff Major Bass

Montre Quint, Quinte Rauschquint Contrebass

Praestant Sesquialtera Plein Jeu Open Wood

Prinzipal Terz Seventeenth Oktav

Geigen Nasat, Nazat Twenty-Second Doublette

o The Flute family consists of stops which are generally imitative of orchestral flutes and

recorders. This is an extremely diverse group of stops which function in a myriad of

ways, from acting as a solo color to serving as the basis of ensemble registrations, either

by themselves or in combination with other stops. Examples of stops belonging to the

Flute family are:

Bourdon Bourdon Doux Flauto Traverso Koppelflöte

Flute Chimney Flute Clarabella Larigot

Spitzflöte Rohrflöte Waldflöte Fife

Doppelflöte Cor de Nuit Hohlflöte Piccolo

Flûte Harmonique Concert Flute Spillflöte Tibia

Stopped Diapason Cornet Nachthorn Lieblich Gedeckt

Holzgedeckt Nazard Orchestral Flute Quintade, Quintaton

Gedeckt, Gedackt Tierce Concert Flute Subbass

o String stops do exactly what you would imagine — they imitate the sound of orchestral

strings. These ranks are smaller in scale than most other ranks and usually have a lot of

upper harmonics and a “clean” or “silvery” timbre. This characteristic makes them well

suited to accompaniment and softer ensembles. String stops include:

Gamba, Gambe Dulcet, Dulcett Viola Pomposa Erzahler

Viole, Viola, Viol Vox Celeste Violincello Gemshorn

Violone Salicional Muted Viols Dulciana

o Members of the Reed family are also very diverse and are used for everything from solo

colors to the fiery crown in a full organ registration. These stops are often imitative of

orchestral reeds and brass. Examples of reed stops are:

Basset Horn Festival Trumpet Musette Regal

Basson Chamade Clarinet Chalumeau

Bombarde Trumpet Oboe Tromba

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Rodgers A698 Instruções de Operação Página 27